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History offers many examples of dictators who worsened their behavior significantly over time (like Zimbabwe's Mugabe) as well as dictators who displayed remarkable improvements (like Rawlings of Ghana). The authors show that such mutations can result from rational behavior when the dictator's flow use of repression is complementary to his stock of wrongdoings: past wrongdoings then perpetuate further wrongdoings and the dictator can unintentionally get trapped in a repressive steady state where he himself suffers from ex-post regret. This then begs the question why such a dictator would ever choose to do wrong in the first place. The authors show that this can be explained from the dictator's uncertainty over his degree of impunity in relation to wrongdoing, which induces him to experiment along this dimension. This produces a setting where any individual rising to power can end up as either a moderate leader, or as a dreaded tyrant. Since derailment is accidental and accompanied by ex-post regret, increasing accountability can be in the interest of both the public and the dictator.

Dictatorship --- Learning --- Multiple Steady States --- Political Violence --- Repression --- Resource Curse

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Unravelling Gramsci makes extensive use of Antonio Gramsci's writings, including his much- overlooked pre-prison journalism, prison letters, as well as his prison notebooks, to provide a fresh approach to understanding his contemporary relevance in the current neoliberal world order. Adam Morton examines in detail the themes of hegemony, passive revolution and uneven development to provide a useful way of analysing the contemporary global political economy, the project of neoliberalism, processes of state formation, and practices of resistance. The book explores the theoretical and practical limitations of how Gramsci's ideas can be used today, offering a broad insight into state formation and the international factors shaping hegemony within a capitalist framework.

AA / International- internationaal --- 321.63 --- 330.08 --- 202 --- 330.540 --- Dictatuur van het proletariaat --- Dictature du prolétariat --- Dictatorship of the proletariat --- 321.63 Dictatuur van het proletariaat --- 321.63 Dictature du prolétariat --- 321.63 Dictatorship of the proletariat --- Dictatuur van het proletariaat. --- Economisten. --- Sociale organisatie. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Hegemony. --- Hegemonism --- Political science --- Sociology --- Unipolarity (International relations) --- Gramsci, Antonio, --- Gramshi, Antonio --- Gramši, Antonije --- Gramshi, A. --- Gramši, Antonio --- Gkramsi, Antonio --- גרמשי, אנטוניו, --- Economisten --- Sociale organisatie --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- World politics. --- Hégémonie --- Politique mondiale --- Criticism and interpretation. --- hegemonie --- Gramsci, Antonio.

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This paper provides an alternative way of testing the theory of legal origins, one based on a firm's perception of how helpful the government is for doing business. The author argues that an approach based on firm perceptions offers a number of advantages over existing studies. Specifically, the analysis demonstrates that heavier regulation in civil law compared with common law countries is not viewed by businesses as an efficient and socially desirable response to disorder. Further, the findings show a strong effect of legal tradition on government helpfulness even after controlling for various institutional measures known to be correlated with the legal tradition of countries. This suggests that there is more to legal tradition than what existing studies have unearthed.

Debt Markets --- Dictatorship --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Good governance --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Institutional reform --- Law and Development --- Legal Products --- Legal structure --- Legal system --- Lower house --- National Governance --- Political Institutions --- Poor governance --- Presidency --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Regulatory measures

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This book develops a framework for analyzing the creation and consolidation of democracy. Different social groups prefer different political institutions because of the way they allocate political power and resources. Thus democracy is preferred by the majority of citizens, but opposed by elites. Dictatorship nevertheless is not stable when citizens can threaten social disorder and revolution. In response, when the costs of repression are sufficiently high and promises of concessions are not credible, elites may be forced to create democracy. By democratizing, elites credibly transfer political power to the citizens, ensuring social stability. Democracy consolidates when elites do not have strong incentive to overthrow it. These processes depend on (1) the strength of civil society, (2) the structure of political institutions, (3) the nature of political and economic crises, (4) the level of economic inequality, (5) the structure of the economy, and (6) the form and extent of globalization.

Democracy --- Democratization --- Equality --- Political culture --- Dictatorship --- Comparative government --- Economic aspects --- 321.6 --- Niet-democratische staatsvormen. Antidemokratie. Dictatuur. Totalitarisme--(politieke stelsels) --- 321.6 Niet-democratische staatsvormen. Antidemokratie. Dictatuur. Totalitarisme--(politieke stelsels) --- #SBIB:17H3 --- #SBIB:324H20 --- #SBIB:324H71 --- 321.60 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 321.7 --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- 321.7 Democratie. Plurale samenleving. Pluralisme. Democratische pluraliteit--(moderne democratie politieke stelsels) --- Democratie. Plurale samenleving. Pluralisme. Democratische pluraliteit--(moderne democratie politieke stelsels) --- Culture --- Political science --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- New democracies --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Politieke wijsbegeerte --- Politologie: theorieën (democratie, comparatieve studieën….) --- Politieke verandering: modernisatie, democratisering, regional development --- Regeringsstelsels en -methodes: algemeenheden --- Economic order --- International economic relations --- Political systems --- Comparative government. --- Democratization. --- Dictatorship. --- Equality. --- Political culture. --- Economic aspects. --- Démocratie --- Démocratisation --- Egalité (Sociologie) --- Culture politique --- Dictature --- Institutions politiques comparées --- Aspect économique --- 321 --- 330.342 --- 339.9 --- Politieke systemen --- Economische orde --- Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Democracy - Economic aspects

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Reel Pleasures brings the world of African moviehouses and the publics they engendered to life, revealing how local fans creatively reworked global media--from Indian melodrama to Italian westerns, kung fu, and blaxploitation films--to speak to local dreams and desires

Motion picture industry --- Motion picture audiences --- Motion picture theaters --- #SBIB:309H1313 --- #SBIB:39A8 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- Cinemas --- Movie theaters --- Moving-picture theaters --- Theaters, Motion picture --- Theaters --- Film audiences --- Filmgoers --- Moviegoers --- Moving-picture audiences --- Performing arts --- Film industry (Motion pictures) --- Moving-picture industry --- Cultural industries --- Social aspects --- Geschiedenis en/of organisatie van het filmwezen: algemeen en per land (met inbegrip van de rol van het filmwezen in de ontwikkelingsproblematiek) --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Audiences --- E-books --- Political stability --- Legitimacy of governments --- Dictatorship --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Regime change --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- History --- Odría, Manuel A. --- Partido Aprista Peruano --- APRA --- A.P.R.A. --- Partido Aprista (Peru) --- Peruvian Aprista Party --- American Popular Revolutionary Alliance --- Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana --- PAP --- P.A.P. --- Amazonas (Peru) --- Peru --- Amazonas (Peru : Department) --- Amazonas (Peru : Region) --- Amarumayu Suyu (Peru) --- Amasunu Jach'a Suyu (Peru) --- Politics and government --- APRA. --- Peru. --- biopolitics. --- necropolitics. --- sacrifice. --- sacropolitics. --- secrecy. --- sovereignty. --- state of exception. --- state.